Synthesis of polyaspartic acid-glycidyl adduct and evaluation of its scale inhibition performance and corrosion inhibition capacity for Q235 steel applications

In this work, the development of the eco-friendly comprehensive scale and corrosion inhibitor based on green polyaspartic acid (PASP) was presented. In this view, PASPG was prepared by a ring-opening graft modification reaction of polysuccinimide (PSI) with glycidyl. In addition, the molecular structure and the thermal stability of PASPG were characterized by using three different methods (FTIR, ¹H NMR, and TGA). PASPG’s scale inhibition efficiency and corrosion inhibition efficiency were also evaluated, respectively. More concretely, the scale inhibition efficiency of PASPG achieved 94.6 % and 95.1 % for CaCO₃ and CaSO₄, respectively. With the aid of the FTIR and SEM measurement techniques, it was found that PASPG could induce the irregular growth of the CaCO₃ and CaSO₄ morphology and destroy the formation of crystals. On the other hand, the higher corrosion efficiency of 85.17 % was achieved by PASPG in comparison with PASP (72.53 %). PASPG is a mixed inhibitor and the adsorption of PASPG on the Q235 steel surface followed the Langmuir mono-layer adsorption isotherm. The formation of a protective film on the surface of carbon steel was proved by PASPG’s adsorption, which increased the resistance to be eroded. Thus, the surface of carbon steel can be effectively protected. The present work provides a simple and effective pathway for the synthesis of high-efficiency green scale and corrosion inhibitor, by introducing a functional group into the PASP chains. The implementation of such type of chemical modification method may also be an effective strategy for improving the efficiency of other polymers green scale and corrosion inhibitors.     

高效、稳定Ⅱ-Ⅵ族量子点发光二极管(LED)的研究进展

量子点通常具有核-壳型的基本结构,它的发光效率及色纯度高。因具有优异的性能和可控合成的优点,Ⅱ-Ⅵ族量子点在发光二极管(light-emitting diode, LED)中的应用研究最为丰富。为了制备高效、稳定的量子点LED,量子点的结构、器件结构和载流子传输层都需要进行设计和优化。如今,量子点LED的效率已接近Organic LED(OLED),但它的发展仍存在挑战。     

分子筛超强酸SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2/USY催化合成胡萝卜酸乙酯的研究

以USY分子筛为载体,采用共沉淀-浸渍法制备分子筛超强酸SO42-/Ti O2/USY,用其催化丙二酸、无水乙醇合成胡萝卜酸乙酯。考察了不同反应时间、带水剂种类、带水剂用量、醇酸比、催化剂用量、催化剂重复使用性等因素对反应酯化率的影响。结果表明:在丙二酸用量为0.1mol,醇酸摩尔比为3.1:1,催化剂用量为1.0g,反应时间为3h,带水剂环已烷用量为5m L时,酯化率达到92.13%,催化剂重复使用5次以后仍然有很高的活性。说明SO42-/Ti O2/USY对该反应具有很强且极稳定的催化活性。     

AM/AA/APEG/NANB共聚物的合成与性能研究

通过丙烯酰胺(AM),丙烯酸(AA),烯丙醇聚氧乙烯醚(APEG)和N,N-二烯丙基苄胺(NANB)制备共聚物P(AM/AA/APEG/NANB)。确定了最佳反应条件:m(AM)∶m(AA)=6.5∶3,APEG为5 wt%,NANB加量0.2 wt%,pH为7,反应温度40℃,引发剂0.4 wt%。通过IR和1H NMR确定了聚合物的分子结构,并对其进行性能测试。结果表明:2000 mg·L-1的AM/AA/APEG/NANB溶液具有较好的流变性能(120℃,粘度保留率:38.56%;1000 s-1,粘度保留率:17.93%)和抗盐性能(20 000 mg·L-1Na Cl,2000 mg·L-1Mg Cl2或Ca Cl2,粘度保留率分别为22.14%、18.34%和15.33%),且提高采收率可达16.12%。     

HPLC柱效对检测水中磺胺二甲基嘧啶色谱条件的影响

研究色谱柱的柱效降低后对高效液相色谱测定水中磺胺二甲基嘧啶色谱条件的影响。比较了新旧色谱柱的分离效果、色谱峰的对称性和峰面积,结果表明,旧色谱柱的柱效降低,对目标物的分离效果变差,目标物的吸收峰面积变小,峰形不对称。对色谱条件进行了优化试验,结果表明,对流动相水相添加0.125%的冰乙酸调节p H值为4.5后色谱峰的峰形对称性和分离效果得到改善。     

退火处理提高P3HT:PCBM聚合物太阳能电池光伏性能

利用旋转涂膜方法制备了以P3HT:PCBM为有源层的聚合物太阳能电池, 器件结构为ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:PCBM/Al(氧化铟锡导电玻璃/聚二氧乙基噻吩:聚对苯乙烯磺酸/聚三已基噻酚:富勒烯衍生物/铝),研究了退火温度对聚合物太阳能电池性能的影响. 实验发现: 聚合物薄膜经过120 °C退火10 min处理后, 开路电压(V_oc)达到0.64 V, 短路电流密度(J_sc)为10.25 mA·cm^-2, 填充因子(FF) 38.1%, 光电转换效率(PCE)达到2.00%. 为了讨论其内在机制, 对不同退火条件下聚合物薄膜进行了各种表征. 从紫外-可见吸收光谱中发现, 退火处理使P3HT在可见光范围内吸收加强且吸收峰展宽, 特别是在560和610 nm处的吸收强度明显增大; X射线衍射(XRD)结果表明, 120 °C退火后P3HT在(100)晶面上的衍射强度是未退火薄膜的2.8倍, 有利于光生载流子的输运; 原子力显微镜(AFM)研究结果表明, 退火显著增大了P3HT与PCBM的相分离程度, 提高了激子解离的几率; 傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱验证了退火并没有引起聚合物材料物性的变化.     

阳极结构调整对稀土电解槽的影响

以目前使用的6 k A稀土电解槽为研究对象,采用实验验证与数值模拟计算相结合的方式对采用不同阳极结构的稀土电解槽进行了全面分析讨论。使用斜角切割阳极片可以在维持电解槽槽电压、氧化物利用率、产品合格率等技术指标不变的情况下,克服传统正交切割阳极片在使用过程中随着阳极片反应消耗造成电流效率降低及缩短石墨坩埚使用寿命的现象。其可作为稀土电解槽工艺改造的一个发展方向。     

The influence of organic sample solvents on the separation efficiency of basic compounds under strong cation exchange mode

This study investigated the influence of organic sample solvents on separation efficiency of basic compounds under strong cation exchange (SCX) mode. The mixtures of acidic aqueous solution and organic solvent such as acetonitrile, ethanol, methanol and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were tested as sample solvents. For later-eluting analytes, the increase of sample solvent elution strength was responsible for the decrease of separation efficiency. Thus, sample solvents with weak elution strength could provide high separation efficiencies. For earlier-eluting analytes, the retention of organic sample solvents was the main factor affecting separation efficiency. Weakly retained solvents could provide high separation efficiency. In addition, an optimized approach was proposed to reduce the effect of organic sample solvent, in which low ionic solvent was employed as initial mobile phase in the gradient. At last, the analysis of impurities in hydrophobic drug berberine was performed. The results showed that using acidic aqueous methanol as sample solvents could provide high separation efficiency and good resolution (R > 1.5).     

Single‐Molecule Methods to Study Membrane Receptor Oligomerization

Membrane receptors control fundamental cellular processes. Binding of a specific ligand to a receptor initiates communication through the membrane and activation of signaling cascades. This activation process often leads to a spatial rearrangement of receptors in the membrane at the molecular level. Single‐molecule techniques contributed significantly to the understanding of receptor organization and rearrangement in membranes. Here, we review four prominent single‐molecule techniques that have been applied to membrane receptors, namely, stepwise photobleaching, Förster resonance energy transfer, sub‐diffraction localization microscopy and co‐tracking. We discuss the requirements, benefits and limitations of each technique, discuss target labeling, present a selection of applications and results and compare the different methodologies.     

Lanthanide‐Doped Nanocrystals: Strategies for Improving the Efficiency of Upconversion Emission and Their Physical Understanding

The fundamental understanding of lanthanide‐doped upconverted nanocrystals remains a frontier area of research because of potential applications in photonics and biophotonics. Recent studies have revealed that upconversion luminescence dynamics depend on host crystal structure, size of the nanocrystals, dopant concentration, and core–shell structures, which influence site symmetry and the distribution and energy migration of the dopant ions. In this review, we bring to light the influences of doping/co‐doping concentration, crystal phase, crystal size of the host, and core–shell structure on the efficiency of upconversion emission. Furthermore, the lattice strain, due to a change in the crystal phase and by the core–shell structure, strongly influences the upconversion emission intensity. Analysis suggests that the local environment of the ion plays the most significant role in modification of radiative and nonradiative relaxation mechanisms of overall upconversion emission properties. Finally, an outlook on the prospects of this research field is given.